Cape Wrath is primarily a military training area and live firing range owned by the Ministry of Defence (MoD) in the Scottish Highlands. It was first used for training exercises in the early 20th century, with by-laws established in 1933 to allow its use as a firing range. Originally a naval gunnery range, the MoD purchased the area in 1999. Since 2005, it has served as a multi-services training area, participating in Joint Warrior exercises and other NATO operations. Training is permitted for up to 120 days a year, typically in spring and autumn. The range is used for naval gunfire practice, army artillery, and mortar firing, often utilizing disused military vehicles as targets. The RAF uses Garvie Island (An Garbh-eilean) as a target for various training operations, deploying ordnance up to 1,000-pound bombs. It is noted as the only location in the Northern Hemisphere where NATO forces conduct combined land, air, and sea assault training manoeuvres. Firing operations are controlled from Faraid Head. Concerns have been raised regarding heath fires caused during live firing, effects on nesting birds, and noise impact on local residents. In 2008, a heath fire affected 137 hectares. The MoD considered extending its land holdings in 2012 but withdrew the plans in 2013 following public opposition.