Flag of Egypt

This national flag features three equal horizontal bands of red, white, and black from top to bottom. Positioned in the center of the middle white stripe is a golden representation of the Eagle of Saladin. The bird is depicted facing the hoist side with a shield on its chest and a scroll held in its claws.

The red stripe commemorates the period before the 1952 Revolution and the sacrifices made by the Egyptian people in their struggle against colonialism. White signifies the purity of the national spirit and a peaceful future, while the black band represents the end of the dark era of oppression and foreign rule. Centered on the flag, the Eagle of Saladin serves as a symbol of strength and sovereignty, referencing the 12th-century Sultan who unified the region.

The current design was officially adopted on October 4, 1984, to replace the version used during the Federation of Arab Republics. Its origins trace back to the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, which introduced the red, white, and black tricolor to replace the green flag of the monarchy. Between 1958 and 1972, the white band contained two green stars representing the union with Syria, followed by a period using the Hawk of Quraish emblem. The 1984 amendment restored the Eagle of Saladin, a symbol previously utilized during the early years of the republic.