Flag of Poland

The national flag of Poland consists of two equal horizontal stripes arranged within a rectangular field. A white band occupies the upper portion of the design, while a red band is positioned directly below it. The proportions of this bicolor layout are strictly defined by a 5:8 aspect ratio.

Derived from historical heraldry, the white stripe represents the White Eagle that has served as Poland's emblem since the 13th century. The red stripe signifies the heraldic shield upon which the eagle is traditionally displayed in the national coat of arms. Historically, these colors represent the nobility and purity of the Polish spirit alongside the courage and sacrifice of its citizens. By utilizing the tinctures of the Piast dynasty, the flag commemorates the medieval foundations and the enduring sovereignty of the Polish state.

Poland officially adopted this horizontal bicolor on August 1, 1919, shortly after regaining independence following the partitions of the 18th century. While the current form was formalized in the early 20th century, the white and red combination was first recognized as national colors by the Sejm in 1831 during the November Uprising. Throughout the 19th century, these colors served as a revolutionary symbol during various struggles against foreign rule. Minor technical adjustments to the specific shade of red occurred in 1927 and 1980 to standardize the appearance for modern state use.