Philippines Military Forces 🇵🇭

The Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) is currently undergoing a significant strategic shift, moving from a decades-long focus on internal security to a posture centered on external territorial defense. This transition is driven by escalating regional tensions, particularly in the South China Sea. The AFP's capacity to meet its evolving mandate is shaped by a comprehensive modernization program, a growing defense budget, and a network of strategic alliances, primarily with the United States.

Force Structure and Manpower

The AFP consists of three main service branches: the Philippine Army (PA), the Philippine Air Force (PAF), and the Philippine Navy (PN), which includes the Philippine Marine Corps (PMC). The President of the Philippines is the Commander-in-Chief, with military policy formed through the Department of National Defense. In 2024, the AFP had approximately 150,000 active personnel and a substantial reserve force of around 1.4 million. Military service is voluntary, with personnel entering service between the ages of 18 and 56.

Modernization, Equipment, and Budget

The Philippines' defense budget is approximately $6 billion, with a projected compound annual growth rate of over 6% for 2025-2029. A significant portion of this budget is allocated to the Revised AFP Modernization Program, a 15-year plan divided into three "Horizons." The current phase, Horizon 3, is focused on territorial defense capabilities.

Key acquisitions reflect this strategic pivot. The Air Force is enhancing its combat air patrols by doubling its fleet of FA-50 light fighters and acquiring additional A-29B Super Tucano light attack aircraft. The Navy is expecting the delivery of new corvettes and offshore patrol vessels from South Korea and has acquired the BrahMos anti-ship missile system from India. The Army is also upgrading, with plans for more modern armored vehicles and long-range artillery. A notable ambition is the acquisition of at least two submarines to better defend the archipelago.

Defense Industry and Strategic Trends

The Philippine defense industry is still developing, with a significant reliance on foreign suppliers for major platforms and advanced technology. However, the government is aiming to boost local production of defense equipment through the Self-Reliant Defense Posture (SRDP) Revitalization Act.

The primary strategic challenge for the Philippines is the persistent tension in the South China Sea, including disputes over territory and resources. In response, the Philippines has deepened its security cooperation with a range of partners, most notably reinvigorating its alliance with the United States. This includes an increased tempo of joint military exercises. The AFP is also fostering defense ties with other nations like Japan, Australia, India, and South Korea to build a more credible defense posture and uphold a rules-based international order in the region.