Venezuela Military Forces 🇻🇪

The strategic posture of the Bolivarian National Armed Forces of Venezuela is primarily oriented towards internal security and regime preservation. The military's doctrine, heavily influenced by Chavismo, emphasizes a "civilian-military union" and a "people's war of resistance" against perceived foreign and domestic threats. This doctrine positions the armed forces as a key pillar of political power, with military officers holding significant positions in government and state-owned enterprises.

Regionally, Venezuela's military is a significant actor, though its capabilities are a subject of debate. Tensions with neighboring Guyana over the Essequibo region have led to a military buildup and "show of force" exercises, however, the likelihood of a full-scale invasion is considered low. Instead, a strategy of hybrid warfare, including harassment of vessels and assertive rhetoric, is more probable. Venezuela's foreign policy is marked by its anti-imperialist and anti-U.S. stance, fostering close military ties with Russia, China, and Iran. This cooperation includes the acquisition of advanced weaponry, joint military exercises, and technical assistance.

Military Forces

The FANB is composed of the Army, Navy, Air Force, National Guard, and the Bolivarian Militia. The National Guard has seen its role and resources expanded, focusing on internal order and managing civil unrest, a clear indicator of the government's priorities. The Bolivarian Militia, a large and ideologically committed force, is a key element of the asymmetric warfare doctrine, intended for internal defense.

Venezuela's arsenal is largely composed of Russian and Chinese equipment, a result of a U.S. arms embargo in place since 2006. The Air Force operates Sukhoi Su-30 fighter jets, while the Army is equipped with Russian-made tanks and armored vehicles. The country also possesses a sophisticated anti-aircraft missile system. However, the operational readiness of this equipment is a point of contention, with reports of maintenance issues and difficulties in sourcing spare parts.

In a significant step towards self-sufficiency, Venezuela has recently inaugurated a Kalashnikov ammunition plant in Maracay, a joint project with Russia. This facility is designed to produce 7.62mm cartridges for the military's standard AK-103 assault rifles, reducing reliance on foreign supplies. The state-owned military industry, CAVIM, is also involved in the licensed production of firearms and the refurbishment of existing equipment.

Strategic Trends

A primary trend is the deepening of military cooperation with Russia. Recent agreements cover not only the supply of sophisticated weaponry and the joint production of ammunition, but also extend to intelligence sharing and training. This alliance is a cornerstone of Venezuela's strategy to counteract international sanctions and project strength.

Another key trend is the increasing focus on internal security. The transfer of military-grade hardware to the National Guard and the activation of rapid reaction units underscore the regime's concern with domestic dissent. This internal focus may come at the expense of conventional warfare capabilities.

Finally, while the dispute with Guyana over the Essequibo region remains a point of tension, the Venezuelan military's actions appear more geared towards demonstrating strength for a domestic audience rather than preparing for a sustained conflict.