M88 T-Rex: a more powerful engine for the Rafale
Last updated on June 7, 2025
The T-REX (Thrust Range Extension) program, initiated by Safran Aircraft Engines, aims to enhance the performance of the M88 turbofan engine, which powers the Dassault Rafale multirole fighter. This initiative responds to the evolving requirements of the Rafale F5 standard, slated for service entry in the early 2030s.
The Snecma (now Safran) M88 is a French afterburning turbofan engine developed for the Dassault Rafale. The M88-2 variant, currently in service, delivers 50 kN of dry thrust and 75 kN with afterburner. It features a modular design, facilitating maintenance and upgrades, and incorporates advanced technologies such as blisks and single-crystal turbine blades.
Objectives of the T-REX Program
The T-REX program seeks to increase the M88's afterburning thrust to approximately 90 kN, representing a 20% enhancement over the current output. This upgrade is intended to meet the increased payload and power demands of the Rafale F5, which will feature advanced sensors, communication systems, and potentially operate in conjunction with unmanned combat aerial vehicles (UCAVs).
Achieving the desired thrust increase involves several technical challenges:
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Thermal Management: Enhancing turbine inlet temperatures necessitates the use of advanced materials and cooling techniques.
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Airflow Requirements: Increased thrust demands higher airflow, which may require modifications to the engine's compressor stages and potentially the aircraft's air intake design.
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Structural Integrity: Higher thrust levels impose greater mechanical stresses, necessitating reinforcement of engine components to ensure durability and safety.
Safran has been conducting research under the Turenne program to develop high-pressure turbines capable of withstanding increased temperatures, which aligns with the goals of the T-REX initiative.
Integration with Rafale F5
The Rafale F5 standard is expected to introduce significant enhancements, including:
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Advanced Avionics: Upgraded radar and electronic warfare systems.
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Increased Payload: Capability to carry heavier and more diverse weaponry.
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UCAV Integration: Operation alongside next-generation UCAVs, requiring robust data links and cooperative engagement capabilities.
The increased thrust from the T-REX-upgraded M88 engine is essential to accommodate these enhancements without compromising performance. Moreover, maintaining the engine's external dimensions is important to avoid extensive airframe modifications, preserving the Rafale's aerodynamic and stealth characteristics.
Strategic Implications
The T-REX program has a strategic significance even beyond the Rafale F5:
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Export Potential: Enhanced engine performance can make the Rafale more competitive in international markets, appealing to countries seeking advanced multirole fighters.
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Technological Sovereignty: Developing advanced propulsion systems domestically reinforces France's defense industrial base and reduces reliance on foreign technologies.
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Foundation for Future Programs: Technologies developed under T-REX may inform the propulsion systems of future European fighter programs, such as the Future Combat Air System (FCAS).
The program is not currently funded under the French military programming law (LPM) 2024-2030. Discussions are currently underway with the French Directorate General of Armaments (DGA) to secure the necessary funding for this vital upgrade. The successful financing and implementation of this program are important for the future of the French Air Force and its international partners.