FREMM frigate-class

The European Multi-Mission Frigate (FREMM) is the product of a joint Franco-Italian program initiated to replace several aging frigate classes in their respective navies. Conceived with variants for anti-submarine warfare (ASW), general-purpose (GP), and land-attack missions, the program's initial scope was substantial. However, subsequent budget constraints and evolving strategic needs led to a reduction in the total number of hulls planned for the French Navy and the cancellation of the land-attack version. The requirement for a dedicated air-defense frigate also emerged, giving rise to an anti-air warfare (AAW) derivative to fill a capability gap left by the cancellation of other naval programs. The first vessel was commissioned into service in 2012.

FREMM-class vessels are surface combatants with displacements ranging from approximately 6,000 to 6,700 tonnes. Propulsion is provided by a hybrid Combined Diesel-Electric and Gas (CODLAG) or Combined Diesel or Gas (CODLOG) system, enabling both high-speed transit and efficient cruising, with a top speed in excess of 27 knots. Sensor suites are comprehensive, centered on either a passive or an active electronically scanned array multi-function radar, complemented by a hull-mounted and a towed-array sonar system for undersea warfare. Armament varies significantly between national variants. Weapon systems are deployed from Vertical Launch Systems (VLS) and include anti-air, anti-ship, land-attack cruise, and anti-submarine missiles. The frigates are also equipped with medium-caliber deck guns, some capable of firing guided munitions, as well as smaller remote weapon stations and torpedo launchers. Aviation facilities include a hangar and flight deck to support the operation of one to two helicopters.

The primary operators are the French and Italian navies, where the frigates fulfill a range of front-line duties. French AAW variants are tasked with providing air defense for high-value assets such as aircraft carriers and amphibious assault ships. The FREMM design has also achieved significant export success. The Royal Moroccan Navy operates a single anti-submarine variant, while the Egyptian Navy has acquired a mix of new-build and former French and Italian frigates. A derivative of the Italian variant was selected by the United States Navy for its Constellation-class (FFG(X)) program, and the Indonesian Navy has also signed a contract for six vessels.