Project 133-class (Parchim)

The Project 133.1 Parchim-class corvette was developed in the late 1970s for the East German Volksmarine to replace the HAI III-class. Designed by the Soviet Union and built at Peene-Werft in Wolgast, the class functioned as a coastal anti-submarine warfare platform. Between 1981 and 1986, 16 vessels were completed for East Germany. The Soviet Union subsequently ordered 12 additional units, designated Project 133.1M (NATO reporting name Parchim II), which were delivered between 1986 and 1990.

The hull is constructed of steel and divided into ten waterproof compartments. Propulsion is provided by three 56-cylinder diesel engines. The center engine drives a variable-pitch propeller for cruising, while the outer engines drive fixed-pitch propellers. Sensors include an air search radar and a hydro-acoustic suite featuring a bow-mounted sonar and a variable depth dipping sonar with a panoramic display.

Anti-submarine capabilities include depth charge rocket launchers and torpedo tubes capable of firing acoustic or wire-guided torpedoes. The rocket system is remotely operated via the Burya fire control system and includes an automated magazine. The vessels also carry mines. Defensive armament includes twin 57 mm and 30 mm guns. The 57 mm system is controlled by the MR 103 radar and ESP-72 fire control system, while the 30 mm system utilizes optical guidance. Secondary air defense consists of MANPADS positions. The absence of radar-guided surface-to-air missiles restricted the class to coastal operations within range of land-based air defense.

During the Cold War, the class was intended to engage coastal submarines in the Baltic Sea. Following German reunification, the former East German vessels were briefly operated by the unified German Navy before 16 units were sold to Indonesia in 1993. Renamed the Kapitan Pattimura-class, these ships underwent refurbishment, including engine replacements and the installation of air conditioning. On select Indonesian vessels, the 30 mm gun was replaced with the Type 730 CIWS, and the original torpedo tubes were replaced with Mk 32 triple launchers.

The 12 Project 133.1M vessels entered service with the Soviet Navy and were later inherited by the Russian Federation. Fourteen units remain active with the Indonesian Navy and six units serve with the Russian Baltic Fleet. Two Indonesian vessels and six Russian vessels have been retired.