SR-71 Blackbird
Summary
| Category | Military Special Mission Aircraft |
| Origin country | 🇺🇸 United States |
| Manufacturer | Lockheed |
| First flight | 22 December 1964 |
| Year introduced | 1966 |
| Number produced | 32 units |
| Average unit price | $185 million |
Technical specifications
| Version: SR-71A | |
|---|---|
| Crew | 1 pilot + 1 WSO |
| Operational range | 5,230 km (3,250 mi) |
| Maximum speed | 3541 km/h (2200 mph) |
| Wing area | 167 m² (1797.6 sqft) |
| Wingspan | 17.0 m (55.7 ft) |
| Height | 5.7 m (18.6 ft) |
| Length | 32.8 m (107.5 ft) |
| Service ceiling | 25,908 m (85,000 ft) |
| Empty weight | 30,617 kg (67,499 lbs) |
| Max. takeoff weight | 78,018 kg (172,000 lbs) |
| Climb rate | 60.0 m/s (196.9 ft/s) |
| Powerplant | 2 x turbojets Pratt & Whitney J58-P4 delivering 11340 kgf each |
| Ejection seat | Lockheed SR-1 |
Current operating countries
All operators
Description
The SR-71 Blackbird was a specialized high-speed, high-altitude reconnaissance aircraft developed by Lockheed in the 1960s for the United States Air Force. Nicknamed "Blackbird" for its distinctive black matte exterior finish, the SR-71 featured a long, slender fuselage optimized for stealth and aerodynamics at very high speeds.
The Blackbird was powered by two Pratt & Whitney J58 turbojet engines, capable of propelling the aircraft to astonishing speeds exceeding Mach 3 and to altitudes of 85,000 feet and beyond. To withstand the extreme temperatures generated by air friction at such velocities, Lockheed pioneered the use of titanium alloys and advanced composite materials in the SR-71's construction.
To fulfill its role as a surveillance platform, the SR-71 carried an array of sensors, cameras, and signals intelligence gathering equipment. However, it had no defensive armaments, relying on sheer speed and operating altitude for protection. The Blackbird entered service with the USAF in 1966 and conducted numerous intelligence gathering missions over sensitive regions including the Soviet Union, Middle East, Vietnam, and Korea until its retirement in 1998.
Over its career, the SR-71 established several world records for airspeed and altitude, including a 3529 km/h speed record set in 1976. A total of 32 Blackbirds were built, of which 12 were lost in accidents. However, not a single SR-71 was ever shot down by adversaries. Even today, decades after its retirement, the SR-71 remains the fastest and highest-flying operational manned aircraft in history, demonstrating the capabilities of sustained flight at hypersonic speeds.