AK-203

The AK-203 was developed between 2007 and 2010 by Kalashnikov Concern in Russia as an iteration of the assault rifle series originally designed by Mikhail Kalashnikov. To facilitate production, India and Russia signed an Inter-Governmental Agreement in 2019, establishing Indo-Russia Rifles Private Limited (IRRPL) in Korwa, Uttar Pradesh. This joint venture is owned 50.5% by the Indian Ordnance Factory Board and 49.5% by Russia's Rosoboronexport and Kalashnikov Concern under Rostec. Manufacturing commenced in Russia, with subsequent technology transfer to the Korwa Ordnance Factory in India for localized production.

The weapon utilizes a gas-operated system with a rotating bolt. It features a folding and extending stock, adjustable iron sights, and picatinny rails for mounting various optics. For recoil control and muzzle flash reduction, the rifle is fitted with a birdcage-type muzzle brake. The receiver assembly includes a polymer front housing free-floating case. It is compatible with AK-type detachable box and quad-column magazines.

The rifle entered service in 2022. The Indian Air Force received its initial batch of Russian-produced rifles in January 2022 for general service and the Garud Commando Force. The Indian Army subsequently adopted the rifle to replace the INSAS as its standard-issue infantry weapon, with domestic production at the Amethi facility beginning in January 2023. These domestic units are manufactured with progressive indigenisation of components. Upon achieving complete indigenisation, the Indian-produced variant will be rebranded as the "Sher". Beyond the Indian military, the Kerala Police have initiated plans to procure the weapon. Internationally, Commonwealth of Independent States members, other Asian nations, and countries in the Middle East and Africa have enquired about purchasing the rifle, with export proposals under consideration for Nepal.