Missile HQ-2 (CH-SA-1)

The HQ-2 is a high-altitude surface-to-air missile system developed from the Soviet S-75 Dvina as an upgraded variant of the licensed HQ-1. The system has undergone multiple modifications, including the HQ-2J variant mounted on the Type 77 transporter launcher and adaptations into surface-to-surface tactical ballistic missiles.

The missile was engineered with electronic counter-countermeasures to defeat aircraft electronic warfare systems, specifically targeted at airborne jamming suites. Upgraded configurations incorporate the SJ-202 passive electronically scanned array radar, which performs target tracking and engagement functions simultaneously and replaces legacy single-function radars. Certain export versions utilize guidance systems capable of tracking multiple targets and directing multiple missiles concurrently. Specialized variants include the BA-6 target drone and the DF-7 tactical ballistic missile, which launches at a slant angle to strike ground targets.

The HQ-2 served as China's primary air defense system for over forty years prior to the start of its replacement by the HQ-22 system. Chinese operational batteries employed the system to shoot down five Republic of China Air Force U-2 reconnaissance aircraft. The system was exported to several countries, including Pakistan, which deployed the HQ-2B variant, and Albania. Iran operates the HQ-2 alongside a derivative designated the Sayyad-1 and an imported surface-to-surface ballistic variant designated the Tondar-69.