Croatian Air Force and Air Defense

The Croatian Air Force (Hrvatsko ratno zrakoplovstvo, HRZ) is structured to secure the nation's airspace sovereignty and provide air support to other branches of the armed forces. Its doctrine is aligned with NATO standards, emphasizing joint operations and contributions to international security missions. The force is integrated into the NATO Integrated Air and Missile Defence System (NATINAMDS), connecting it with the Combined Air Operations Centre in Torrejon, Spain, for 24/7 airspace monitoring.

The most significant operational change is the replacement of its obsolete MiG-21 fighters with 12 Dassault Rafale F3-R multirole aircraft. This acquisition represents a substantial leap in capability, moving from a second-generation fighter to a 4.5-generation platform. The Rafales, the last of which are expected in 2025, provide advanced capabilities including long-range air-to-air engagement with Meteor missiles, precision strike with SCALP cruise missiles and AASM "Hammer" munitions, and superior battlespace awareness through the RBE2 AESA radar and SPECTRA electronic warfare suite. This enhances Croatia's ability to conduct air superiority, ground attack, and reconnaissance missions, strengthening its role within NATO's collective defense.

The helicopter fleet is also undergoing a significant transition from Soviet-era to Western-produced systems. Mi-8/17 transport helicopters, some of which were donated to Ukraine, are being replaced by UH-60M Black Hawks. As of mid-2024, Croatia is expanding its Black Hawk fleet to 12 aircraft, which will improve troop transport, medical evacuation, and border security operations, ensuring interoperability with NATO allies. The force also operates OH-58D Kiowa Warrior armed reconnaissance helicopters, which have been equipped with AGM-114 Hellfire missiles, providing a dedicated armed overwatch and light attack capability.