Uganda Air Force

The Uganda People’s Defence Forces – Air Force (UPDF-AF) is structured as a statutory service arm under the Uganda People’s Defence Forces, established by the 2005 Defence Forces Act. Its primary doctrinal purpose is the defense of Ugandan airspace and providing air support to land forces. This mission extends to destroying strategic enemy positions and supporting regional peace missions. The force's strategic posture is influenced by Uganda's landlocked geography, viewing threats to its neighbors with access to the sea as direct threats to Uganda itself. The air force headquarters is in Entebbe, with its primary training facility located at Gulu Air Base.

Operational capabilities are centered around a core of multi-role fighters and attack helicopters. The acquisition of Su-30MK2 aircraft provides a significant air-to-air and air-to-ground capability, arguably the force's most strategic asset. The recent delivery of Mi-28N attack helicopters in June 2022 introduces a modern, dedicated anti-armor and close air support platform. These are complemented by Mi-24 attack helicopters, Mi-17 transport helicopters for mobility and logistics, and various reconnaissance drones that enhance intelligence gathering and surveillance.

The Ugandan Air Force has engaged in combat operations in recent years. Its Su-30MK2 jets have reportedly launched airstrikes against opposition forces in South Sudan and against Allied Democratic Forces (ADF) bases in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). These operations underscore the air force’s role in projecting power regionally and supporting ground force operations against insurgent groups.

In March 2022, Uganda signed a memorandum of understanding with India's Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) to maintain and service the Su-30MK2 fleet. Further maintenance and overhaul work on at least two Su-30MK2s was conducted in Belarus at the 558th Aircraft Repair Plant in July 2023. The fleet of eight L-39 Albatros trainer and light attack jets underwent upgrades starting in 2018, which included engine overhauls to AI-25TLSh standard, modernized avionics, and new flight data recorders.