Missile Otomat

The development program for this anti-ship missile commenced in 1967, prompted by the increasing operational effectiveness of anti-ship missile systems. The project aimed to create a turbofan-powered weapon capable of delivering a heavier warhead over longer distances than contemporary rocket-powered designs. Flight trials began in 1971, and the system entered service in 1976.

The missile is a long-range surface-launched weapon utilizing a turbojet engine for cruise flight, with initial acceleration provided by twin lateral boosters. Guidance is provided by an inertial navigation system and active radar homing for the terminal phase. Later iterations incorporated mid-course data links to facilitate over-the-horizon targeting, allowing for trajectory updates from ship-borne or airborne platforms. The TESEO system provides these updates via a direct link, while the ERATO system enables coordinated multi-ship attacks. Terminal engagement occurs either through sea-skimming at low altitudes or a pop-up maneuver followed by a terminal dive to bypass defensive systems. The semi-armor-piercing high-explosive warhead is designed to penetrate ship hulls and detonate internally, directing the force of the explosion toward the target's hull.

Modern variants include GPS for programmable flight paths and land-attack capabilities. A specialized anti-submarine variant, designated MILAS, is designed to carry and release a lightweight torpedo at a designated impact point. Later blocks also feature folding wings to allow for more compact storage in launch containers and improved sensors, including infrared seekers and updated radar.

The system is widely deployed and forms the backbone of the anti-ship capabilities for several navies. It is operated by Italy on destroyers and frigates, and has been exported to numerous countries including Egypt, Peru, Venezuela, Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, and Libya. Coastal defense versions are utilized by Egypt and Saudi Arabia, featuring trailer-mounted electronics and launchers for high mobility.

There is no recorded combat use of the system. However, it has been involved in multiple test events. During a 1987 exercise, a Venezuelan frigate successfully struck a target ship at long range. In evaluations conducted by the United States Navy, the missile demonstrated the ability to penetrate ship-borne air defenses using evasive maneuvers. The system remains in active service and continues to undergo modernization for littoral and land-attack roles.

🇧🇩 Bangladesh • 🇪🇬 Egypt • 🇮🇶 Iraq • 🇮🇹 Italy • 🇰🇪 Kenya • 🇱🇾 Libya • 🇲🇾 Malaysia • 🇳🇬 Nigeria • 🇵🇪 Peru • 🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia • 🇹🇲 Turkmenistan • 🇺🇸 United States • 🇻🇪 Venezuela