Ivan Rogov-class (Project 23900)

The Ivan Rogov class, designated Project 23900, is a class of Russian amphibious assault ships designed by the JSC Zelenodolsk Design Bureau under the JSC Ak Bars Shipbuilding Corporation. The class serves as the successor to the unrealized Soviet Project 11780 program. Development of a domestic amphibious assault ship program began after France refused to deliver two ordered Mistral-class vessels to Russia in 2014 following the outbreak of the Russo-Ukrainian War. Prior to the selection of Project 23900, the Nevskoe Design Bureau and the Krylov State Research Center proposed the alternative "Priboy" and "Lavina" designs. Krylov also developed an export variant designated "Priboy-E." On 22 May 2020, the Russian Defence Ministry signed a contract for the construction of two Project 23900 vessels at the Zaliv Shipyard in Kerch, Crimea. The keel-laying ceremony for the first two vessels, Ivan Rogov and Mitrofan Moskalenko, took place on 20 July 2020.

The design of Project 23900 represents a hybrid of the "Lavina" and "Mistral" concepts, sharing architectural features and dimensions with the Mistral class. The ships are configured to carry military helicopters, landing craft, armored fighting vehicles, and marines. For aviation and strike operations, the vessels are designed to operate strike and reconnaissance drones, including the Sukhoi S-70 Okhotnik-B, which can designate targets for hypersonic Zircon missiles launched from other vessels. For autonomous blue-water operations, the class is equipped with mine warfare unmanned surface vessels designed to detect, identify, and destroy sea mines without reliance on dedicated minesweepers.

Hull construction for both vessels commenced in early 2021. Satellite photography from March 2026 showed the hull and superstructure of the lead ship, Ivan Rogov, nearing completion. Ivan Rogov is scheduled to begin factory and sea trials by the end of 2027, with delivery to the Pacific Fleet projected for late 2028. Mitrofan Moskalenko is scheduled for delivery in 2029 and is designated to serve as the flagship of the Black Sea Fleet. Port infrastructure originally prepared for the undelivered French vessels is being adapted in Sevastopol to accommodate the ship upon commissioning.