Pakistan Army

The Pakistan Army is commanded from General Headquarters in Rawalpindi by the Chief of Army Staff. Operational ground forces are organized into nine corps commands: I Corps headquartered at Mangla, II Corps at Multan, IV Corps at Lahore, V Corps at Karachi, X Corps at Rawalpindi, XI Corps at Peshawar, XII Corps at Quetta, XXX Corps at Gujranwala, and XXXI Corps at Bahawalpur. Additional corps-equivalent formations include the Army Air Defence Command, Army Aviation Command, and Army Strategic Forces Command. Primary infantry formations include the Punjab, Baloch, Frontier Force, Sindh, and Azad Kashmir regiments, alongside the Special Services Group for special operations. Garrisons are located in Rawalpindi, Lahore, Peshawar, Multan, Quetta, Karachi, Gujranwala, Mangla, and Bahawalpur.

Armored formations operate main battle tanks including the VT-4, Al-Khalid, Al-Zarrar, T-80UD, and Type 85-IIAP. Mechanized and motorized infantry units utilize tracked armored personnel carriers based on the M113 design, such as the Talha and Saad, as well as Viper infantry fighting vehicles and MaxxPro mine-resistant ambush-protected vehicles. Artillery units field self-propelled systems including the SH15 155mm and M109 series howitzers, alongside towed M198 howitzers and multiple launch rocket systems such as the A-100, AR1, and the indigenously developed Fatah series. Air defense coverage relies on high-to-medium-altitude missile systems including the HQ-9P and HQ-16FE, supplemented by FM-90 systems and Anza man-portable air defense missiles. Army Aviation operates AH-1F Cobra and Mi-35M attack helicopters, Mi-17 and Bell 412 utility transports, and AW139 multi-role helicopters.

Primary operational duties encompass border defense along the Line of Control in Jammu and Kashmir and the Durand Line bordering Afghanistan, counter-insurgency operations in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Balochistan, and international troop contributions to United Nations peacekeeping missions. Modernization programs combine domestic manufacturing with foreign procurements. State-owned defense enterprises, such as Heavy Industries Taxila, produce armored platforms including the Al-Khalid main battle tank and Talha series armored vehicles, while domestic research organizations develop precision-guided artillery rockets. Foreign hardware acquisitions rely primarily on defense contracts with Chinese suppliers, supplying air defense batteries, self-propelled artillery, and armored vehicles.