Poland Army

The Polish Land Forces, known natively as Wojska Lądowe, constitute the ground warfare branch of the Polish Armed Forces. Operational command rests under the General Command of the Armed Forces and the Operational Command of the Armed Forces, headquartered in Warsaw. Primary missions focus on national territorial defense and NATO collective defense commitments along the alliance's eastern border. Combat formations are structured around divisions and specialized independent brigades. These include the 11th Armored Cavalry Division headquartered in Żagań, the 12th Mechanized Division in Szczecin, the 16th Mechanized Division in Olsztyn, and the 18th Mechanized Division in Siedlce. Two additional divisions, the 1st Infantry Division of the Legions based in Ciechanów and the 8th Home Army Infantry Division, are in various stages of formation. Airborne and air assault capabilities are provided by the 6th Airborne Brigade in Kraków and the 25th Air Cavalry Brigade in Tomaszów Mazowiecki. Outside national territory, Polish ground personnel participate in NATO enhanced Forward Presence deployments in Romania and the Baltic states, alongside international advisory missions in Iraq.

Ground force combat arms comprise armor, mechanized and motorized infantry, field artillery, air defense, and army aviation. Armored units operate M1A2 SEPv3 Abrams, M1A1 FEP, K2 Black Panther, and upgraded Leopard 2PL main battle tanks, alongside PT-91 Twardy tanks. Mechanized infantry formations field KTO Rosomak 8x8 wheeled armored personnel carriers and tracked Borsuk infantry fighting vehicles, which replace older BWP-1 platforms. Artillery units field AHS Krab and K9 Thunder self-propelled howitzers, M142 HIMARS and Homar-K multiple rocket launchers, WR-40 Langusta rocket artillery, and Rak self-propelled mortars. Ground-based air defense relies on short- and medium-range platforms including Poprad, PSR-A Pilica, Mała Narew systems firing CAMM missiles, and Piorun man-portable air-defense systems. Army aviation, centralized under the 1st Army Aviation Brigade headquartered in Inowrocław, operates Mi-24 attack helicopters, Mi-8 and Mi-17 transport helicopters, W-3 Sokół utility helicopters, AW149 multi-role helicopters, and AH-64E Apache attack helicopters.

Technical modernization combines domestic defense manufacturing with foreign acquisitions. Domestic defense enterprises deliver Borsuk tracked infantry fighting vehicles, AHS Krab howitzers, KTO Rosomak armored vehicles, Rak mortars, and Piorun surface-to-air missiles. Foreign procurement focuses on heavy equipment contracts, including Abrams main battle tanks and AH-64E Apache helicopters from the United States, alongside K2 Black Panther tanks, K9 Thunder howitzers, and Homar-K rocket artillery from South Korea. Industrial agreements establish local assembly and manufacturing capabilities for customized platforms such as the K2PL main battle tank. Air defense modernization includes integration of CAMM missile systems from the United Kingdom and Patriot missile batteries under multi-layered defense initiatives.