Royal Cambodian Air Force

The Royal Cambodian Air Force (RCAF) is a small and lightly equipped air arm primarily oriented towards domestic security missions. Its formal structure places it under the Ministry of National Defence, with a command staff consisting of a commander and four deputies. The force's headquarters and primary maintenance facilities are located at Pochentong Air Base, co-located with Phnom Penh International Airport. Operational squadrons, mainly comprising helicopters and a VIP transport flight, are based at Pochentong and Siem Reap International Airport.

The RCAF's operational capabilities are centered on its helicopter and light transport assets. The transport helicopter fleet, composed of Mi-8/Mi-17 and Z-9 helicopters, provides the military with troop transport, logistical support, and medical evacuation capabilities. The fixed-wing inventory fulfills VIP and general transport duties. The force's strategic doctrine is inwardly focused, prioritizing support for the Royal Cambodian Armed Forces in maintaining internal stability and contributing to humanitarian assistance and disaster relief operations. It does not possess the assets for significant air-to-air combat or power projection beyond its borders. The RCAF lacks modern fighter aircraft and a sophisticated air defense network, placing it at a considerable disadvantage compared to larger neighboring air forces.

Past modernization efforts have included the acquisition of Chinese Z-9 helicopters. A significant future step in its development is the planned procurement of L-39NG light combat aircraft from the Czech Republic. This acquisition aims to restore a jet combat capability that has been dormant since its force of MiG-21s was grounded. The RCAF also operates several L-39C training aircraft, though their operational availability is reportedly hampered by a lack of spare parts.