Royal Cambodian Air Force

The Royal Cambodian Air Force (RCAF) is a small and modestly equipped service primarily structured for internal security, VIP transport, and logistical support roles rather than significant external defense. Headquartered at Phnom Penh International Airport, which still serves as Pochentong Air Base, the RCAF operates under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of National Defence. Its command structure consists of a commander and four deputy commanders. The majority of its operational assets, particularly the VIP squadron and maintenance facilities, are based at Pochentong, while its helicopter squadrons are operational from both Phnom Penh and Siem Reap international airports.

Operationally, the RCAF's capabilities are centered on its helicopter and light transport fleet. The force's backbone is composed of transport helicopters, including Mi-8/Mi-17 and Chinese-made Z-9s, which are utilized for troop transport, medical evacuation, and limited combat support. The fixed-wing inventory provides transport and utility functions. Due to its limited assets, the air force's primary strategic doctrine is focused inward on supporting the Royal Cambodian Armed Forces in maintaining domestic stability and providing humanitarian assistance, rather than projecting power or defending national airspace against a technologically superior adversary.

Modernization of the RCAF has been a slow and challenging process, hindered by budgetary constraints in one of the least developed countries in the world. A significant planned procurement involves the acquisition of L-39NG light combat aircraft from the Czech Republic, which would restore a jet combat capability that has been largely dormant since its MiG-21s were grounded. Past modernization efforts have included the acquisition of Chinese Z-9 helicopters and various transport aircraft.

Regionally, the Royal Cambodian Air Force is one of the smaller and less capable air arms in Southeast Asia. Its lack of modern fighter aircraft and sophisticated air defense systems places it at a significant disadvantage compared to its larger neighbors like Thailand. Consequently, its regional positioning is not one of a strategic competitor but rather a force focused on its immediate domestic responsibilities. International cooperation, including training and equipment procurement from countries like China and previously Israel, plays a role in its development, but its overall capabilities remain limited.