Mauritania Islamic Air Force

The Mauritanian Islamic Air Force (Force Aérienne Islamique de Mauritanie - FAIM) is a small and modestly equipped branch of the nation's armed forces, primarily structured to support ground and maritime operations rather than project air power independently. Its core doctrine revolves around counter-terrorism, border security, and surveillance in the vast and challenging Sahel region. Previously influenced by Soviet-style doctrine, its operational approach has been progressively shifting, shaped by extensive training and cooperation with the United States and European partners.

Operationally, the FAIM's capabilities are tailored for asymmetric warfare. Its main roles include intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) to support the army's counter-terrorism operations and maritime patrol to secure the country's extensive exclusive economic zone. The air force's ability to conduct these missions has been enhanced through specific asset acquisitions. Training and interoperability, particularly with US forces through programs for the C-208 aircraft, are central to its operational effectiveness, making the FAIM a key ISR provider for the broader G5 Sahel coalition. Air bases are strategically located across the country, including at Nouakchott, Atar, and Nouadhibou, to facilitate operations across its territory.

Modernization has been a key priority for Mauritania's defense strategy, with a focus on acquiring equipment suitable for its security environment rather than expensive, high-end combat hardware. Notable acquisitions include EMB-314 Super Tucano light attack aircraft, Cessna 208 Caravan surveillance planes, and Harbin Z-9 helicopters. More recently, Mauritania has sought to enhance its air defense capabilities with the procurement of Chinese Yitian-L short-range air defense systems. This modernization is heavily reliant on international partnerships, including financial and material support from the European Union and the United States.