Uzbekistan Air and Air Defence Forces

The Air and Air Defence Forces of Uzbekistan, established after the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1992, is a direct successor to the Soviet Air Force units previously stationed in the territory. Initially inheriting a large and capable inventory of Soviet-era aircraft, its operational doctrine was aligned with Soviet principles, emphasizing support for ground forces. With headquarters in Tashkent, the force consists of approximately 10,000-15,000 personnel. The force has combat experience, notably providing air support to the Tajik government during the civil war in the 1990s.

Operationally, the Uzbekistan Air Force has been in a state of contraction and decline, with a significant portion of its Soviet-era fleet, such as the MiG-29 and Su-27 fighters, reportedly in storage or retired. The remaining active combat aircraft are aging, presenting challenges in terms of maintenance and modern warfare capabilities. The force structure has also seen consolidation, with several air regiments being disbanded or merged over the years.

Strategically, Uzbekistan's doctrine is undergoing a significant evolution, driven by the need to modernize its forces and a shifting geopolitical landscape. The country is moving away from its traditional reliance on Russia for military hardware. This shift is influenced by Russia's diminished capacity to supply new equipment due to the conflict in Ukraine and the desire for more advanced and cost-effective technology. This reflects a broader foreign policy of diversifying international partnerships to enhance national security and reduce dependency on a single supplier.

This strategic reorientation is most evident in Uzbekistan's modernization programs. The country has shown considerable interest in acquiring new combat aircraft from China, with reports suggesting potential deals for JF-17 Block 3 or J-10 fighters. The procurement of Chinese air defense systems, such as the HQ-9, further underscores this trend. This move towards Chinese military technology is not only a matter of practical modernization but also signals a significant realignment of Uzbekistan's strategic partnerships.

Regionally, Uzbekistan is positioning itself as a more independent military power in Central Asia. By modernizing its air force with non-Russian equipment, Tashkent aims to bolster its defense capabilities and assert a more active role in shaping its strategic future. The acquisition of modern Chinese fighter jets would significantly enhance its air power relative to its neighbors and solidify China's growing influence as a key defense partner in the region.