Bombardier Learjet 35

The Learjet Model 35 traces its origins to the Learjet 25BGF, a modified Learjet 25 variant intended to test the then-new Garrett TFE731 turbofan engine. The "GF" in the designation stood for "Garrett Fan," and the testbed aircraft, equipped with a TFE731 engine on the left side, made its first flight in May 1971. The improved power and reduced noise led Learjet to further develop the design into a new model, the Model 35. The first prototype Model 35 flew on August 22, 1973, and the FAA certified the aircraft in July 1974.

The Learjet 35 and 36 series are distinguished by their aerodynamic design, construction, and onboard systems tailored for both civilian and military roles. These aircraft feature two Garrett TFE731-2 turbofan engines mounted in nacelles on the sides of the aft fuselage, contributing to their speed and range capabilities. A notable design element is the inclusion of wingtip fuel tanks. The wings incorporate single-slotted flaps, enhancing lift and control during takeoff and landing. The longer-range Model 36 has a shortened passenger area to accommodate more space in the aft fuselage for fuel tanks.

The Learjet 35 and 36 series have been adopted by numerous nations, serving diverse roles. Operators have included Brazil, Chile, Finland, Switzerland, and Saudi Arabia. Military users utilize configurations such as the Japanese U-36A variant, equipped for training and electronic warfare support with systems including a missile seeker simulator, radar, avionics, firing training assessment devices, ejector pylon, special communications system, target towing system, and jammer system. The C-21A, a Learjet 35A variant used by the United States Air Force, is primarily purposed for cargo and passenger transport, including medical evacuation. The Brazilian Air Force operates the C-35, R-35A and VU-35A as cargo, reconnaissance and VIP transport aircraft respectively. During the Cold War, the Finnish Air Force employed the Learjet 35/36 as a shorter-range Airborne Warning and Control System (AWACS) aircraft. Learjet 35s played a role in Argentina's Escuadrón Fénix flights during the 1982 Falklands War, primarily conducting diversion and reconnaissance missions. Production ceased in 1994, but a significant number, exceeding 500 units, remain in service worldwide.

Main variants of the Learjet 35 and 36 include:

• Learjet 35: The original model, powered by two TFE731-2-2A engines, was slightly longer than the Model 25 and could carry up to eight passengers.

• Learjet 35A: An upgraded version of the Model 35, it featured TFE731-2-2B engines and an increased range, eventually replacing the original 35.

• Learjet 36: Similar to the Model 35, this variant featured a larger fuselage fuel tank for extended range, which reduced the length of the passenger area.

• Learjet 36A: Mirroring the improvements made on the 35A, the Model 36A included upgraded engines and a higher maximum gross weight, superseding the Model 36.

• C-21A: This is the United States military designation for a Learjet 35A variant used by the U.S. Air Force, configured to carry eight passengers and a modest amount of cargo, while also being adaptable for medical evacuations.