South Sudan Air Force

The South Sudan Air Force (SSAF) is a small, relatively new air arm established in 2008, primarily structured to support the ground forces of the South Sudan People's Defence Forces (SSPDF). Its organization is basic, consisting of a Helicopter Unit and a Fixed-Wing Unit headquartered at Juba Air Base. An associated Air Defense Force exists as a component of the SSPDF, though its capabilities and structure are not well-documented in open sources.

The SSAF's operational capabilities are centered on its rotary-wing assets. The force relies on Mil Mi-17 transport and Mi-35 attack helicopters for troop and equipment transport, casualty evacuation, and direct fire support to army units. The fixed-wing element is minimal, providing limited light attack and transport functions. The air force does not possess a credible air defense or airspace control capability against a peer-state adversary. Its operational focus remains entirely on internal security and supporting counter-insurgency campaigns.

Theoretically, the SSAF is tasked with defending the country's airspace and providing support to land forces. In practice, its strategic role is confined to enabling the SSPDF's operations against various rebel and opposition groups within South Sudan's borders. The force functions as a critical tool for mobility and firepower in a country with challenging terrain and limited infrastructure, demonstrating an ability to strike ground targets and redeploy forces.

The air force has been actively employed during the South Sudanese Civil War. In November 2015, SSAF helicopter gunships were used to conduct aerial attacks on rebel positions in Western Equatoria State. More recently, in May 2022, SSPDF forces launched air strikes in Jonglei state, with observers noting the attacks may have constituted war crimes. These engagements underscore the SSAF's role as an active instrument in the ongoing internal conflict, primarily using armed helicopters.