Uruguayan Air Force

The Uruguayan Air Force (FAU) is structured around an Air Operations Command which directs three air brigades. This command is responsible for planning and executing all air operations. The FAU's core doctrine is centered on exercising the sovereignty of the nation's airspace, defending its territorial integrity, and supporting the constitution and laws. Beyond its primary defense role, the force is also tasked with conducting search and rescue missions, contributing to national development, and providing logistical support during natural disasters.

Operational capabilities are focused on airspace surveillance and limited air defense. An Air Surveillance Squadron operates a network of Indra LANZA 3D radars, including fixed and mobile units, to monitor air traffic. This data is fed to a command and control center, enabling the FAU to identify and intercept irregular flights. The combat arm of the air force has been significantly impacted by aging equipment. The retirement of the IA-58 Pucará ground-attack aircraft in 2017 left a capability gap that has persisted due to budget limitations. The A-37B Dragonfly fleet, used for advanced training and light attack, also suffers from its advanced age.

Modernization is a critical issue for the FAU, which has faced consistent budgetary challenges in replacing its old aircraft. A major step in this process was the January 2025 confirmation of an order for five Embraer A-29 Super Tucano aircraft. This acquisition, which includes a flight simulator and logistical support, is intended to provide Uruguay with enhanced airspace defense capabilities and represents a key part of the armed forces' equipment renewal program. The A-29 is expected to replace the roles previously filled by the Pucará. Another stated goal within the national defense framework is the potential acquisition of aircraft specifically for combating forest fires. In addition to aircraft, the FAU maintains a tactical transport capability, having replaced its older C-130B Hercules with two KC-130H models, introducing an aerial refueling capability to the force for the first time in 2020.