Panamanian National Aeronaval Service

Panama does not have a conventional air force, as the country constitutionally abolished its military. Its aviation capabilities are consolidated within the National Aeronaval Service (SENAN), a law enforcement agency under the Ministry of Public Security responsible for both air and maritime security. SENAN's structure integrates air and naval components to perform its core missions. The operational-level organization includes directorates for intelligence, operations, and logistics, with an air group managing the aviation assets.

SENAN's strategic doctrine is centered on internal security, law enforcement, and border control rather than traditional airpower projection. Its primary tasks include counternarcotics, combating illegal fishing, performing search and rescue, conducting humanitarian aid and disaster relief, and patrolling Panama's extensive coastlines and the Panama Canal. The force is equipped for surveillance and transport, utilizing a mix of fixed-wing aircraft and helicopters to provide aerial mobility and reconnaissance for its ground and naval units. This focus on constabulary and support missions reflects Panama's status as a demilitarized state.

Historically, SENAN’s capabilities have been limited to unarmed surveillance, transport, and utility roles. However, a significant shift is underway with the planned acquisition of light attack and modern transport aircraft. In March 2025, the government approved the procurement of four Embraer A-29 Super Tucano light attack/surveillance aircraft and two Airbus C-295 transport aircraft. While officials state the objective is to improve surveillance and response to illicit activities, the acquisition of the A-29 marks the first time Panama will operate an aircraft with inherent combat capabilities.

This modernization program aims to replace an aging fleet and bolster operational capacity for national security missions. The A-29s will enhance aerial surveillance, reconnaissance, and the ability to interdict illicit trafficking. The C-295s are intended to restore a medium transport capability that has been absent for decades, improving logistical support for disaster response and humanitarian missions. Separately, SENAN recently enhanced its maritime patrol capabilities with the acquisition of a King Air 250 MPA, with associated pilot and technician training conducted in the United States.