Sudan Army

The Sudanese land forces operate under a centralized General Staff command structure headed by the Chief of General Staff, subject to the Commander-in-Chief. Ground units are organized into regional commands alongside specialized combat arms. Formations include an armored division, a mechanized infantry division, several regional infantry divisions, an airborne division, an engineer division, and independent infantry, mechanized, and border guard brigades. Garrisons and command centers are situated in Khartoum, Omdurman, Port Sudan, El Obeid, and regional capitals in Darfur and Kordofan.

Armored units operate main battle tanks comprising Soviet and Chinese designs, including T-72AV, T-72B, Type 85-IIM, Type 59D, and upgraded T-55 variants, alongside M60A1 tanks and Type 62 light tanks. Mechanized and motorized infantry forces utilize tracked infantry fighting vehicles, including BMP-1, BMP-2, and Iranian Boragh models. Wheeled combat vehicles and armored personnel carriers include BTR-80A, BTR-70, BTR-3, WZ-551, WZ-523, M113, and BRDM-2 models.

Artillery formations field self-propelled and towed systems, including 2S1 Gvozdika self-propelled howitzers, Khalifa truck-mounted howitzers, D-30 towed howitzers, and M-46 field guns. Rocket artillery elements deploy BM-21 Grad and Type 63 multiple launch rocket systems. Air defense forces deploy towed anti-aircraft guns, including ZU-23-2 and ZSU-23-4 systems, stationary surface-to-air missile batteries, and man-portable air-defense systems such as Strela-2 and FN-6. Rotary-wing and uncrewed aerial capabilities support ground forces, utilizing Mil Mi-24 attack helicopters, Mi-8 and Mi-17 transport helicopters, and operational drones including Mohajer-6 and Bayraktar TB2 models.

Domestic production and vehicle maintenance are managed by the state-owned Military Industry Corporation, operating industrial complexes including the Elshaheed Ibrahim Shams el Deen Complex for Heavy Industries, the Yarmouk Industrial Complex, and the Alshagara Industrial Complex. Indigenous assembly and modification programs produce vehicles and weapons such as the Digna and Al-Bashier main battle tanks, Khatim tracked personnel carriers, Shareef wheeled armored vehicles, Khalifa self-propelled guns, and Dinar assault rifles. Foreign acquisitions, technical assistance, and material transfers are sourced from China, Russia, Iran, Turkey, and Egypt.

Primary operational missions include territorial defense, border surveillance, and counter-insurgency. Ground forces have combat experience from regional conflicts in South Kordofan, Blue Nile, and Darfur. In ongoing combat operations against the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces, army units engage in urban and rural combat across Khartoum, Omdurman, Gezira, Kordofan, and Darfur, integrating local community defense groups and allied armed movements into operational structures.