Colombian Air Force

The Colombian Aerospace Force (FAC) is a powerful and experienced air arm, shaped by decades of counter-insurgency (COIN) and counter-narcotics operations. Structurally, the FAC is organized into several major commands, including the Air Combat Command (Comando Aéreo de Combate - CACOM), the Military Air Transport Command (Comando Aéreo de Transporte Militar - CATAM), and the Military Aviation School (Escuela Militar de Aviación). This structure allows for the simultaneous execution of combat, mobility, and training missions across the country from a network of major airbases.

The FAC's strategic doctrine has historically been dominated by the internal conflict against guerrilla groups and drug cartels, leading to the development of exceptional COIN and close air support capabilities. This is evident in its use of platforms like the Embraer A-29 Super Tucano and the AC-47T "Fantasma" gunship. However, in recent years, a significant doctrinal shift is underway, influenced by the changing strategic environment following the peace agreement with the FARC. The "Damasco" doctrine reflects a move to develop more conventional warfare capabilities to address external threats and increase interoperability, aligning with NATO standards. This includes strengthening air defense, a role currently filled by its aging Israeli Kfir fighters. The FAC has also engaged in joint training with US forces to enhance its air operations and doctrine. In a move reflecting this evolving role, the service was officially renamed the Colombian Aerospace Force in 2024.

Modernization is a key priority for the FAC as it looks to replace its legacy assets and acquire new capabilities for a multi-mission role. The most significant planned acquisition is the Saab JAS 39 Gripen, which will represent a generational leap in air combat capability and is intended to replace the Kfir fleet. This program is expected to be formalized at the F-AIR Colombia 2025 airshow. Beyond fighters, the FAC continues to enhance its transport, intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) capabilities to support both its conventional and internal security responsibilities.