Italian Air Force

The Italian Air Force (Aeronautica Militare) is a modern and versatile force, structured to meet both national defense needs and international commitments, primarily within the NATO framework. Its structure is organized into key commands responsible for air operations, logistics, personnel, and training. The Air Fleet Command (Comando della Squadra Aerea - CSA) has authority over all operational units, which encompass combat, air transport, special operations, and ISTAR (Intelligence, Surveillance, Target Acquisition, and Reconnaissance) assets.

The strategic doctrine of the Italian Air Force has evolved significantly, moving from a traditionally defensive posture to a more expeditionary model. This doctrine emphasizes interoperability, technological advancement, and the ability to contribute to multinational operations. A key tenet is the concept of Air and Space Power as a strategic, multi-domain enabler, crucial for influencing outcomes in modern conflicts. This is reflected in the growing importance of space and cyber domains in its operational planning. The introduction of 5th generation aircraft like the F-35 is considered a foundational element in reshaping Italy's overall defense approach towards a more integrated and dynamic joint force.

Operationally, the Aeronautica Militare is frequently engaged in multinational missions and exercises, underscoring its commitment to collective security. It has been an active participant in NATO's Air Policing missions on the Alliance's eastern and northern flanks and has contributed to anti-ISIS coalition operations with reconnaissance and support assets. Recent large-scale exercises such as "Mediterranean Strike 2025" and "Formidable Shield 2023" have demonstrated its high level of integration with allied forces, showcasing advanced capabilities in air defense, close air support, and joint operations with naval assets. The deployment of its F-35s to Japan for bilateral exercises further highlights a growing global reach.

Key modernization programs focus on enhancing its combat and support capabilities. This includes the continued procurement of the F-35 Lightning II (both A and B variants) and the acquisition of new, more advanced tranches of the Eurofighter Typhoon to replace older models. Significant investment is also directed towards advanced training with the M-346 aircraft and the expansion of its ISR fleet with specialized Gulfstream G550-based platforms for airborne early warning (CAEW) and electronic attack. Looking to the future, Italy is a key partner in the Global Combat Air Programme (GCAP), the initiative to develop a sixth-generation fighter, ensuring its long-term technological relevance.