Iraqi Air Force

The Iraqi Air Force (IqAF) is in a continuous state of redevelopment, transitioning from a force shattered by conflict and sanctions to a modernizing air arm focused on national sovereignty and counter-insurgency. Its structure is centered under the Iraqi Ministry of Defence, with its headquarters in Baghdad and commanded by Lieutenant General Shihab Jahid Ali. Key operational bases include Balad, home to the F-16 fleet, and Tikrit, which hosts the reopened Air Force College. The force is organized into squadrons equipped with a diverse mix of aircraft, including fighter, attack, transport, and reconnaissance assets.

Operationally, the IqAF's primary focus in recent years has been counter-insurgency, particularly in the fight against ISIS. This has honed its skills in close air support, intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR). The F-16IQ Vipers have been the most capable platform for precision strikes, supported by Su-25 Frogfoot attack jets, L-159 ALCA light combat aircraft, and armed AC-208 Caravan turboprops. However, the operational readiness of the F-16 fleet has been a persistent challenge, hampered by maintenance and logistical issues. This has at times led to a reliance on other platforms and highlighted the difficulties in sustaining advanced combat aircraft. The IqAF's doctrine has been heavily influenced by its U.S. training, emphasizing tactical support for ground forces.

Recent engagements have been almost exclusively centered on anti-ISIS operations, where the IqAF has provided crucial air support to Iraqi ground forces, striking militant positions, command centers, and infrastructure. These operations have demonstrated a growing capability to conduct independent strikes, although often in coordination with coalition forces.

Modernization is a key priority for the IqAF as it seeks to bolster its capabilities beyond counter-insurgency and establish credible air sovereignty. A significant development is the ongoing negotiation with France to acquire Rafale fighter jets and H225M Caracal helicopters. This signals a strategic move to diversify its suppliers beyond the United States and acquire advanced, multi-role platforms. An earlier deal to purchase JF-17 fighters from Pakistan appears to have been canceled in favor of the Rafale acquisition. Furthermore, Iraq is investing in its indigenous unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) production for surveillance and future combat roles, and continues to enhance its pilot training programs, including with T-50 advanced trainers from South Korea. These modernization efforts reflect a strategic shift towards building a more balanced and self-reliant air force capable of defending Iraqi airspace and responding to a wider range of regional threats.