Iraqi Air Force

The Iraqi Air Force (IqAF) is a force in a continuous state of redevelopment, structured under the Iraqi Ministry of Defence with its headquarters in Baghdad. Its organization is centered around key operational bases such as Balad and Tikrit. The force is composed of various squadrons for fighter, attack, transport, and reconnaissance roles. The command structure also includes an Air Defense Command and the Army Aviation Command, which are integral parts of the overall armed forces.

Doctrinally, the IqAF has been heavily influenced by its training with the United States, emphasizing tactical support for ground forces. This is reflected in its operational focus, which in recent years has been almost exclusively on counter-insurgency operations against ISIS. These engagements have honed its skills in close air support, as well as intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR). The IqAF has demonstrated a growing capacity to conduct independent strikes against militant targets, although often in coordination with coalition partners.

The operational capabilities of the IqAF are shaped by a diverse inventory of aircraft. Precision strike missions are primarily handled by F-16IQ Viper jets, complemented by Su-25 Frogfoot attack aircraft and L-159 ALCA light combat aircraft. Armed AC-208 Caravan turboprops also play a significant role in ISR and light attack missions. However, the force has faced persistent challenges with the operational readiness of its F-16 fleet, stemming from maintenance and logistical issues, which has sometimes necessitated reliance on other platforms.

To address existing limitations and expand its capabilities beyond counter-insurgency, the IqAF is pursuing several modernization paths. A significant potential development is the negotiation for the acquisition of Rafale fighter jets from France. This indicates a strategic aim to build a more balanced and self-reliant air force. Iraq has also invested in its unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) capabilities for surveillance and future combat roles. Pilot training programs are being enhanced through the acquisition of T-50 advanced trainers from South Korea, signaling a long-term investment in human capital.