Royal Saudi Air Force

The Royal Saudi Air Force (RSAF) is structured into a functional hierarchy of wings, squadrons, and specialized units distributed across at least 15 military airfields. Key operational wings are located at airbases such as Dhahran, Taif, Khamis Mushait, and Tabuk, hosting a variety of fighter, attack, transport, and training squadrons. This geographic dispersal supports territorial coverage and logistical reach across the kingdom. A dedicated special forces unit for combat search and rescue is also part of the RSAF's structure, alongside educational and training establishments like the King Faisal Air Academy.

Operationally, the RSAF has transitioned from a primarily defensive force to one with considerable offensive capabilities. Its combat effectiveness is built around a sophisticated inventory of Western aircraft, including the F-15 Eagle/Strike Eagle and the Eurofighter Typhoon, supported by a fleet of airborne early warning and control (AEW&C) aircraft like the E-3 Sentry. This combination of assets enables the RSAF to conduct a range of missions, including air defense, long-range strike, and close air support. A robust aerial refueling capability, provided by aircraft like the A330 MRTT, further extends the range and endurance of its combat fleet.

The RSAF's strategic doctrine has evolved from a focus on homeland air defense to encompass power projection and strategic influence within the region. Originally designed to deter and defend against external attacks, lessons from conflicts like the 1991 Gulf War prompted a greater emphasis on offensive air operations and joint warfare. This shift is intended to degrade an adversary's will and capacity to fight through strategic air campaigns.

The most significant recent engagement for the RSAF has been its leading role in the air campaign over Yemen since 2015. This intervention has provided extensive combat experience, with aircraft conducting airstrikes against a wide array of ground targets, including air defense sites, command centers, and drone launch facilities. These operations have tested the RSAF's full spectrum of capabilities, from precision strikes with guided munitions to counter-drone operations, while also highlighting the challenges of a protracted and asymmetric conflict.

Modernization remains a key priority, driven by the acquisition of advanced platforms and technologies. The procurement of the F-15SA, one of the most advanced variants of the Strike Eagle, and additional Eurofighter Typhoons has substantially upgraded the RSAF's multi-role combat capabilities. Investment also extends to training, with the acquisition of new trainer jets like the BAE Hawk and the establishment of an Air Warfare Center to simulate modern combat scenarios.