Ukraine Army

The Ukrainian Ground Forces are commanded by the Land Forces Command based in Kyiv. Regional operational commands include Operational Command North, Operational Command South, Operational Command West, and Operational Command East. Ground combat units are structured into permanent army corps, including the 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th, and 20th Army Corps, which oversee subordinate armored, mechanized, motorized infantry, mountain assault, and artillery brigades. Major bases and military educational institutions are located in Kyiv, Lviv, Odesa, Chernihiv, and Zhytomyr.

Armored formations operate a mixed fleet of Soviet-legacy, modernized, captured, and Western main battle tanks. Operational models include the T-64BV, T-64BM Bulat, T-72, T-80, captured T-90, Leopard 1A5, Leopard 2A4, Leopard 2A6, Strv 122, M1A1 SA Abrams, and Challenger 2. Mechanized and infantry units utilize Soviet-designed BMP-1, BMP-2, BMP-3, BTR-3, and BTR-4 infantry fighting vehicles alongside Western-supplied M2A2 Bradley, CV9040, Marder 1A3, Stryker, Rosomak, and M113 armored personnel carriers. Specialized unmanned systems units, including company-level first-person view drone detachments, are integrated into combat brigades alongside organic reconnaissance UAVs such as the Leleka-100, Shark, and Vector.

Artillery units operate a combination of 152 mm Soviet legacy guns and 155 mm NATO standard artillery. Towed and self-propelled systems include the 2S1 Gvozdika, 2S3 Akatsiya, 2S19 Msta-S, M777, CAESAR, PzH 2000, AHS Krab, Zuzana 2, Archer, and M109. Rocket artillery formations field BM-21 Grad and RM-70 multiple rocket launchers alongside M142 HIMARS and M270 MLRS. Mobile air defense units employ Gepard, Skynex, Avenger, Strela-10, and Osa-AKM platforms alongside short-to-medium-range missile systems like NASAMS and IRIS-T SLM to cover maneuver forces. Army Aviation operates Mi-24 attack helicopters alongside Mi-8, Mi-2, and UH-60 Black Hawk transport and utility helicopters for troop transport, medical evacuation, and direct fire support.

Primary operations consist of defensive and offensive maneuver warfare along active frontlines in eastern and southern Ukraine, as well as cross-border operations into the Kursk region. Modernization initiatives focus on domestic production of the 2S22 Bohdana 155 mm self-propelled howitzer, BTR-4E armored vehicles, and strike UAVs. Industrial partnerships with Western defense manufacturers support in-country repair facilities and local assembly of Lynx infantry fighting vehicles and Fuchs armored vehicles.