People's Liberation Army Air Force

The Chinese Air Force, formally known as the People's Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF), is an increasingly modern and capable force, featuring a mix of domestic and imported technology. In 2023, it is now the third-largest air force in the world and is rapidly modernizing its fleet to close technological gaps with Western counterparts.

In terms of aircraft, the PLAAF boasts a diverse lineup that includes 4th and 5th generation multi-role fighters, such as the J-20 and J-16, along with older but updated models like the J-7 and J-8. These aircraft serve to ensure air superiority, interdiction, and close air support. Moreover, the PLAAF operates a significant number of bomber aircraft like the H-6, which have been modified for various roles including long-range strike and anti-ship missions.

The PLAAF is also investing heavily in force multipliers such as Airborne Warning and Control System (AWACS) aircraft and aerial refueling tankers. These assets enhance the operational reach and situational awareness of the force. Additionally, its drone fleet is growing, both in numbers and capabilities, with unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) like the GJ-2 being used for reconnaissance and potentially combat roles.

Strategically, the Chinese Air Force aims to transition from a predominantly territorial defense force to one capable of power projection. This includes the ability to conduct long-range strikes, aerial refueling, and airborne troop deployments. It also involves building capabilities for denying opponents air superiority in regional conflict scenarios, particularly over Taiwan and in the South China Sea. The focus on Anti-Access/Area Denial (A2/AD) is evident through its development of advanced surface-to-air missile systems and the deployment of aircraft with stealth capabilities.

The PLAAF's pilot training regimen has also improved, although it still lags behind those of Western air forces. Exercises are becoming more complex and realistic, involving joint operations with other branches of the military, nighttime flying, and operations in adverse weather conditions.

However, the PLAAF faces several challenges. Its logistical and maintenance capabilities have not kept pace with its modernization drive, raising questions about the force's readiness and sustainability in prolonged conflict. The indigenous production of high-performance jet engines remains a significant bottleneck, forcing a reliance on imported or older, less efficient designs. The force also lacks combat experience, as it has not been involved in any major conflict since the Sino-Vietnamese War in 1979.

Key facts

Origin countries of aircrafts

Evolution of Chinese Air Force fleet

Aircrafts by type in 2025

Aircraft type	Active
Combat	1705
Helicopter	1017
Transport	398
Training	18
Other missions	6