NATO reporting names for aircrafts

The NATO reporting name system for military aircraft is a method to name and identify non-NATO aircraft. This system was initiated in 1952 because many nations, especially the Soviet Union and China, used a confusing array of designations for their aircraft, making it difficult for Western military analysts, pilots, and intelligence officers to discuss them.

The system was designed to:

• Avoid confusion caused by unfamiliar or classified native designations (e.g., MiG-29, Tu-95, Shenyang J-11).
• Create names that are easy to pronounce, remember, and distinguish in the heat of combat or intelligence briefings.
• Provide a standardized way for NATO forces to refer to adversary aircraft, especially Soviet designs, without relying on their actual designations, which were often secret or changed over time.

1. Prefix letter indicates the role

The actual names are often chosen to reflect a characteristic of the aircraft. For example, the MiG-25 was designated “Foxbat,” which was chosen to imply speed and agility, characteristics of the actual fox and bat animals.

2. Number of syllables indicate the engine type

For fixed-wing Soviet/Chinese aircraft only, NATO gives one-syllable words to anything with propellers (piston or turboprop) and two-syllable words to anything powered by pure jet exhaust (turbojet, turbofan, ramjet). However this rule does not apply to helicopters.

Examples:

• Tu-95 Bear → 1 syllable, turboprop
• Tu-22M Backfire → 2 syllables, turbofan
• An-12 Cub → 1 syllable, turboprop
• Il-76 Candid → 2 syllables, turbofan